Assessing Suicide Risk in Christian Clinical Practice: Integrating Interpersonal Theory, SIGECAPS, and Faith-Based Care

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine suicide risk assessment within Christian clinical practice through an integrative framework thatSuicide, Risk-Assessment, Interpersonal Theory, Integration combines Thomas Joiner’s Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, the SIGECAPS depression screening tool, and a theological understanding of human suffering. Using a conceptual analysis and narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from the past five years, this study synthesizes empirical findings on perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability alongside key Christian theological themes, including the imago Dei, communal responsibility, and hope amid despair. Particular attention is given to the needs of suicide loss survivors—family members and faith community members whose grief may be complicated by trauma, guilt, or spiritual distress. Findings suggest that religious identity and spiritual practices can function as both protective and risk-amplifying factors, particularly when shaped by social invalidation, stigma, or insufficient theological framing. Inadequate postvention support within faith communities may exacerbate adverse outcomes for those bereaved by suicide. In response, this paper proposes a conceptual framework in which Christian mental health professionals, pastors, chaplains, and ministry leaders collaboratively integrate clinical screening with spiritual practices such as prayer, Scripture engagement, and community accountability. This integrative approach aims to equip faith-based caregivers with the skills necessary to identify suicide risk early, respond with both clinical precision and theological depth, and provide holistic care to individuals and communities affected by suicide. By bridging empirical research and Christian theological insight, this model promotes care that is both scientifically informed and spiritually grounded.